By Dr Kayode Ajulo, OON, SAN

The legendary encounter between Alexander the Great and Diogenes the Cynic serves as a captivating lens through which to explore the nature of power, wealth, and freedom—a theme that resonates deeply in contemporary Nigeria. This meeting highlights the enduring struggle between material ambition and philosophical wisdom, a clash that echoes through history and remains relevant today.

Historical Context

Alexander the Great, a figure born of noble lineage, emerged as one of history’s most formidable conquerors. His campaigns spanned from Greece to Egypt and deep into Persia, forging one of the largest empires of the ancient world. Yet, beyond his military triumphs lay a relentless quest for glory and recognition, reminiscent of the biblical warning in Proverbs 16:18: “Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall.”

In stark contrast stands Diogenes, the archetype of Cynicism. Living in a barrel and rejecting societal conventions, Diogenes championed a philosophy that valued virtue and self-sufficiency over material wealth. His bold declaration to Alexander—”Step aside, you’re blocking my sunlight”—underscored a profound message about the importance of personal autonomy, echoing the Quranic verse in Surah Al-Baqarah 2:256: “There is no compulsion in religion,” which emphasizes the significance of individual choice and freedom.

Philosophical Reflections

Their exchange serves as a powerful commentary on the relationship between power and wisdom. Despite his vast empire, Alexander recognized the limitations of his conquests when faced with Diogenes’ philosophical integrity. His later confession, “If I were not Alexander, I would want to be Diogenes,” reveals a deep admiration for the simplicity and freedom that Diogenes embodied.

This encounter compels us to question the essence of true power. As Socrates famously said, “The unexamined life is not worth living.” While Alexander wielded authority over vast territories, Diogenes possessed an unassailable strength—the freedom to live authentically, unburdened by material desires. This raises a crucial philosophical inquiry: Is true strength found in domination, or in the ability to live according to one’s values?

Relevance to Our World

In our today, the insights from this encounter are strikingly relevant. The ongoing struggle between materialism and philosophical integrity is evident in the socio-political landscape. Many leaders chase power and wealth, often compromising ethical governance and the welfare of their constituents. Diogenes’ philosophy serves as a challenge to this mindset, urging a reevaluation of what brings genuine fulfillment.

Amid rampant corruption and inequality, Diogenes’ teachings advocate for a return to core virtues: honesty, self-sufficiency, and the pursuit of inner peace. As the Quran reminds us in Surah Al-Hadid 57:25, “We sent Our messengers with clear signs and sent down with them the Scripture and the balance,” emphasizing the importance of justice and ethical living. For our youth, Diogenes stands as a reminder that true happiness does not come from wealth or status but from living a life true to one’s principles.

Lessons for All.

1. Embrace Inner Freedom: Highlighting the importance of personal autonomy and ethical living can inspire a generation to seek fulfillment through self-awareness and integrity, reflecting the wisdom of Ecclesiastes 12:13: “Fear God and keep His commandments, for this is the whole duty of man.”
2. Critique Materialism: Recognizing the pitfalls of a wealth-centered society can motivate citizens to push for policies that prioritize social welfare and community well-being, echoing the Quranic message of charity in Surah Al-Baqarah 2:177: “Righteousness is not that you turn your faces toward the east or the west, but [true] righteousness is in one who believes in Allah…”
3. Encourage Philosophical Discourse: Fostering philosophical discussions in educational settings can enhance critical thinking and deepen understanding of the values essential for a just society, as Plato suggested, “The beginning of wisdom is the definition of terms.”
4. Promote Leadership Accountability: Leaders can draw lessons from Diogenes by prioritizing the common good over personal gain, cultivating a culture of transparency and ethical governance, resonating with the biblical principle in Luke 12:48: “To whom much is given, much will be required.”

Conclusion

The meeting between Alexander the Great and Diogenes the Cynic transcends a mere historical anecdote; it serves as a guiding light toward a life of virtue and freedom. In a world often dominated by the quest for power and wealth, Diogenes’ legacy invites us to reconsider what it truly means to live well. For the contemporary world, the challenge lies in embracing these timeless lessons, fostering a society that values ethical living, philosophical inquiry, and the true essence of strength.

Dr Kayode Ajulo is the Attorney General and Commissioner for Justice in Ondo State